Challenges and possibilities of health professionals in the care of dependent elderly / Desafios e possibilidades dos profissionais de saúde no cuidado ao idoso dependente

It investigates the challenges and possibilities of health professionals for the management of care for dependent elderly people in Primary Health Care. A qualitative approach based on the dialectical hermeneutic fusion was used. An interview was carried out with 38 health professionals, from June to December 2019, in eight cities in the five Brazilian regions. From the results, themes emerged about the challenges that professionals face in the management of care for the elderly, the strategies they use and their suggestions for raising the quality of care for the elderly who depend on care. Management failures, structural factors, access barriers, scarcity of inputs, disruption of the network and lack of security, were pointed out as difficulties in directing health protection, prevention and promotion actions. The applied strategies are diverse, trying to articulate the multiprofessional teams, which involve the Family Health Strategy and specialists for the effectiveness of care. Strengthening reception, encouraging home consultation, mobilizing support groups and carrying out health education were among the integrative practices suggested by the participants. Due to the complexity of the object of study, it was evidenced that the professionals recognize the deficiencies in the health services and face undesirable situations due to the lack of qualified personnel in the teams, as well as due to the insufficiency of materials and transportation.

Investiga desafios e possibilidades de profissionais de saúde para a gestão do cuidado de idosos dependentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa fundamentada na fusão hermenêutica dialética. Efetivou-se entrevista com 38 profissionais de saúde, nos meses de junho a dezembro de 2019, em oito cidades das cinco regiões brasileiras. Dos resultados, emergiram temáticas sobre os desafios que os profissionais enfrentam na gestão do cuidado ao idoso, as estratégias por eles utilizadas e suas sugestões para elevar a qualidade do cuidado aos idosos que dependem de cuidado. Falhas na gestão, fatores estruturais, barreiras de acesso, escassez de insumos, desarticulação da rede e falta de segurança, foram apontados como dificuldades para direcionar as ações de proteção, prevenção e promoção da saúde. As estratégias aplicadas são diversificadas, ao tentar articular as equipes multiprofissionais. Fortalecer o acolhimento, estimular a consulta domiciliar, mobilizar grupos de apoio e realizar educação em saúde figuraram entre as práticas integrativas sugeridas pelos participantes. Em decorrência da complexidade do objeto de estudo, evidenciou-se que os profissionais reconhecem as deficiências nos serviços de saúde e enfrentam situações indesejadas pela ausência de pessoal qualificado nas equipes, bem como em razão da insuficiência de materiais e de transporte.

Uso de tecnologia leve-dura nas práticas de enfermagem: análise de conceito / Uso de tecnología blanda-dura en las prácticas de enfermería: análisis de concepto / The Use of Soft-Hard Technology in Nursing Practice: Concept Analysis

Objetivo: esclarecer o conceito de tecnologia leve-dura nas práticas de enfermagem. Materiais e método: estudo reflexivo, com aplicação do método de análise conceitual de Walker e Avant, que utiliza os seguintes passos: seleção de um conceito, determinação dos objetivos da análise, dos atributos definidores, identificação de um caso modelo e contrário, e identificação dos antecedentes e das consequências. O estudo foi realizado a partir de busca nas bases de dados das produções científicas disponíveis em ambiente virtual, no período de abril e maio de 2014. Resultados e discussão: inicialmente, o conceito de tecnologia estava relacionado ao de técnica; ao longo do tempo, sofreu mudanças e passou a se relacionar aos aspectos subjetivos e objetivos do cuidar. A tecnologia leve-dura ultrapassa os conhecimentos tecnológicos estruturados e apresenta grau de liberdade que proporciona aos profissionais inúmeras possibilidades de ações. O uso das tecnologias no cuidado da enfermagem é capaz de promover a saúde e intensificar o vínculo entre profissional e cliente. Conclusão: o método de Walker e Avant possibilita delimitar os aspectos e a formação de um conceito a partir de atributos, antecedentes e consequentes, bem como analisar a utilização dos termos na prática.

Objetivo: establecer el concepto de tecnología blanda-dura en las prácticas de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: estudio reflexivo, con aplicación del método de análisis conceptual de Walker e Avant, que utiliza los siguientes pasos: selección de un concepto; determinación de los objetivos de análisis, de los atributos definidores; identificación de un caso modelo y contrario, e identificación de los antecedentes y las consecuencias. El estudio se llevó a cabo desde la búsqueda en bases de datos de las producciones científicas disponibles en ambiente virtual, en el periodo de abril y mayo de 2014. Resultados y discusión: inicialmente, el concepto de tecnología estaba relacionado al de técnica; con el del tiempo, sufrió cambios y pasó a relacionarse con los aspectos subjetivos y objetivos del cuidador. La tecnología blanda-dura sobrepasa los conocimientos tecnológicos estructurados y presenta libertad que les permite a los profesionales diversas posibilidades de acción. El uso de tecnologías en el cuidado de la enfermería es capaz de promover la salud e intensificar el vínculo entre profesional y cliente. Conclusión: el método de Walker e Avant posibilita demarcar los aspectos y la formación de un concepto desde atributos, antecedentes y consecuentes, además de analizar la utilización de los términos en la práctica.

Objective: Establish the concept of soft-hard technology in nursing practice. Materials and Methods: This is a reflective study. Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach was applied, based on the following steps: selecting a concept, determining the purpose of the analysis, clarifying the defining attributes, constructing a model and contrary case, and identifying the antecedents and consequences of patient outcomes. The research was conducted through a search of databases for scientific productions available in the virtual environment during the period from April to May 2014. Results and Discussion: The concept of technology was related initially to what is technical. However, with time, it underwent changes and became related to the subjective and objective aspects of the caregiver. Soft-hard technology goes beyond structured technological know-how and offers a degree of freedom that allows countless professionals a range of possibilities for action. The use of technology in nursing care is able to promote health and strengthen the link between the professional and client. Conclusion: Walker and Avant's approach to concept analysis makes it possible to define the aspects and formation of a concept based on attributes, antecedents and consequences of patient outcomes, in addition to analyzing the use of these terms in practice.

[Characteristics of a gynecology clinic in the inland region of Ceará (Brazil)]. / Características de una consulta ginecológica del interior de Ceará, en Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the strategies (interactive and educational) used by physicians and nurses in gynecology consultations and the length of consultations. METHOD: We performed an exploratory descriptive study. A questionnaire was used to interview 5 health professionals working in a gynecology clinic (3 physicians and 2 nurses). A total of 141 women who attended the clinic between July and August 2004 in a health district of the inland region of the State of Ceará in Brazil were also interviewed. RESULTS: Of the 141 women, 130 (92.2%) had sufficient education to understand the information given during the consultation. Eighty patients (56.7%) attended the service for gynecological disorders, the most frequent of which were pelvic pain (45%), followed by pruritus and discharge (33.8%). A total of 14.2% attended for cervical and breast cancer prevention. All 5 health professionals performed the Pap test and one health professional provided an educational leaflet during the consultation. The health professionals believed that the women understood half of the explanations given during the consultation and attributed this lack of understanding to their low educational level. The mean length of the consultation ranged from 2 to 7.5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Few women attended the clinic for cervical and breast cancer prevention. This finding could be related to the way in which the health professionals carried out the consultation and its length.

Palliative care to the cancer patient: reflections according to Paterson and Zderad's view.

This reflective study presents the approach of the Nursing Palliative Care to the cancer patient without therapeutic possibility according to the Paterson and Zderad's Humanistic Nursing Theory. The palliative care aims to provide the patient without therapeutic possibility and his family better quality of life. When the nurse, in addition to delivering palliative care to the cancer patient, uses the Humanistic Theory, (s)he starts to recognize each person as a singular existence. This recognition permits one to understand the person's meaning in the process of his(er) disease.